“After the turn of the first millennium, the Crusaders (1096–1204) and then merchant traders were exposed to Muslim civilizations in Spain and the Eastern Mediterranean. The Muslims had translated and saved the academic texts of the ancient Greek and Roman scholars that were destroyed by the Roman Catholic Church. In this way, non-Biblical works of literature, philosophy, and science made an unauthorized return to Europe. These classical texts sparked a renewed interest in learning called the Re...naissance (1400–1700). The invention of the printing press (1440), the immigration of Greek scholars from Constantinople prior to the collapse of the Eastern Roman Empire in 1453, and the Protestant Reformation (sixteenth century) further damaged the Church’s intellectual lockdown. After one thousand years of static, independent thinking was reborn. This led to innovations in philosophy and science, both of which would remake society, including its handling of sexuality. A. The Philosophy: Mind Your Business The broad philosophical outlook that grew through the Renaissance is now called Humanism.MoreLessRead More Read Less
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