The Indian in Relation to the White Population of the United States

rasting policy in Alaska. Thousands of Indians at one time or another, as we have seen, have exercised some or all of the rights of citizenship for which this thesis contends. The results of such privileges ought to have some bearing upon the advisability of extending or restricting the franchise in the future. In spite of the discouraging relapses which he found, Francis Walker called attention to real advances made. The Ottawas and Chippewas were "well advanced in civilization" and showed "a marked improvement in regard to breaking land and building houses." The Santee Sioux were "peaceable, industrious, and well advanced in the arts of life." The Winnebagoes showed a "steady improvement in condition," the Omahas had made "considerable advancement in agriculture and civilization." The Pottawatomies were "educated, intelligent and thrifty farmers." A favorable report came from the Arapahoes of the South. Among the Yakimas "the manual-labor school .... has been a complete success." But the results among the Pimas and Maricopas were discouraging. "The relations of these bands with the neighboring whites are . . . very unfavorable to their interests, and the condition of affairs is fast growing worse. The difficulty arises out of the fact of theuse and probably the improvident use, by the whites about them, of the water of the Gila River, by which they are deprived of all means of irrigating their lands." Thirty years later some of these estimates must be revi...