Constantine's Sword: the Church And the Jews
“Voltaire and the False Promise of EmancipationEMANCIPATION," in its Latin root, refers to a son's being set free from the domination of his father, and that was surely the essence of it for Heinrich Marx, who, against his rabbi father, prided himself on being a man of the Enlightenment. He believed, with the philosophes who came after the misread Spinoza, that the mysteries of existence could be accounted for by the methods of natural science, by reason alone. Thus, Heinrich Marx's Jewish relig...ion was nothing to him. As a young lawyer starting out in Trier early in the nineteenth century, he had the tremendous advantage, at first, of perfect timing. The French Revolution had marked a new day. As is always true in history, all that preceded the storming of the Bastille had prepared for it, yet the summer of 1789 was a true rupture in time. After the Revolution, the intellectual, political, social, even the religious landscape would never look the same. One of the great thresholds of history, transforming everything, including the human mind, the French Revolution was bound to alter the place of Jews, and it did.The Declaration of the Rights of Man—"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights"—meant that rights would now be seen as residing in individuals, not in governments or institutions.1 Therefore, rights are not bestowed, and cannot be taken away.MoreLess
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