A History of Modern Europe, 1792-1878

ourdan in Germany?Their retreat?Secret Treaty with Prussia? Negotiations with England?Cispadane Republic?Rise of the idea of Italian Independence?Battles of Arcola and Rivoli?Peace with the Pope at Tolentino ?Venice?Preliminaries of Leohen?The French in Venice?The French take the Ionian Islands and give Venice to Austria?Genoa?Coup d'etat of 17 Fructidor in Paris?Treaty of Campo Formio?Victories of England at sea? Bonaparte's project against Egypt. With the opening of the year 1796 the leading interest of European history passes to a new scene. Hitherto the progress of French victory had been in the direction of the Rhine: the advance of the army of the Pyrenees had been cut short by the conclusion of peace with Spain; aTMy"h0ef the army of Italy had achieved little beyond I?i"!Sb' an(L some obscure successes in the mountains. the Main, 1796. It was the appointment of Napoleon Bonaparte to the command of the latter force, in the spring of 1796, that first centred the fortunes of the Republic in the land beyond the Alps. Freed from Prussia by the Treaty of Basle, the Directory was now able to withdraw its attention from Holland and from the Lower Rhine, and to throw its whole force into the struggle with Austria. By the advice of Bonaparte a threefold movement was undertaken against Vienna, by way of Lombardy, by the valley of the Danube, and by the valley of the Main. General Jourdan, in command of the army that had conquered the Netherlands, was ordered to ...